WHAT IS THE DEFINITION?
It is an autoimmune disease in which the body views the beta cells (insulin producing cells found
in the islets of the pancreas) as a foreign substance, so the patient's immune
system attacks the islets and kills them. The insulin is needed
to control the normal blood glucose level in the body by the conversion of the
carbohydrate in simple form to glycogen (a storage form) in the liver, muscle
cell and adipocyte.
Pathophysiology
Risk factor
Some group of people are
high in risk to develop T1DM than others due to the damage of the beta cell of pancreas to
function properly. The primary risk factor for type 1
diabetes is a genetic and family history of this lifelong, macrosomic baby and
chronic diseases.
·
Genetics and family history. ( This also
exists among patient with T2DM)
Having family members with diabetes is a major risk factor especially
anyone with a first-degree relative with type 1 diabetes such as a mother,
father, sister, or brother. They should get screened for diabetes.
·
Diseases of the pancreas.
Injury or diseases of the pancreas can inhibit its ability to produce
insulin that control blood glucose level.
·
Macrosomia infant ( the large baby born than
average)
Refer to the mother with gestational diabetes mellitus during pregnancy.
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