The American Diabetic Association (ADA) had deal out
diagnostic criteria for diabetic mellitus in 1997 with follow-up in 2003 and
2010. There are four types of tests can be used for diagnosis of diabetes mellitus:
ü
Casual plasma glucose concentrationalso called as random venous
plasma glucose concentration
– Casual referred to the blood is taken at any time of day
without regarding the last meal times.
ü
Fasting plasma glucose (FPG)
– Fasting
is defined as no caloric intake for 8 hours but water consumption is allowed.
ü
Oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT)
– Drink a glucose load containing the equivalent a 75 g of
anhydrous glucose dissolved in 100 ml of water. The glucose level is compared
before and 2 hours after glucose load intake.
ü
A1C test also called the heamoglobinA1c, HbA1c, or glycohemoglobin
test.
– Blood glucose level
is measured by the amount of glycosylated heamoglobin (HbA1c) in blood.
Table
below show the criteria of blood glucose level diagnosis with diabetes mellitus
published by World Health Organization (WHO) in 2006.
In 2011, WHO had recommended anaddition of new criterion in
diagnosis of diabetes mellitus which is A1c test. The result of HbA1c test
reported in percentage form. The higher the percentage, the higher the blood
glucose levels in an individual. The criteria show in a table below.
The following table provides the blood test levels for
diagnosis of normal, prediabetes (also called Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG)),
and diabetes.
Source: Adapted from American Diabetes Association. Standards
of medical care in diabetes—2012. Diabetes Care. 2012;35(Supp 1):S12,
Take note for pre-diabetes:
Ø Fasting plasma glucose refer to impaired fasting glucose
Ø OGTT refer to impaired glucose tolerance (1GT)
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